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Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 1, 5-17 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/106591290505800101

Core Values, Value Conflict, and Citizens’ Ambivalence about Gay Rights

Stephen C. Craig

Jason Gainous University of Florida

Michael D. Martinez

Jason Gainous University of Florida

James G. Kane

Jason Gainous University of Florida

Recent research has recognized that many people simultaneously hold positive and negative attitudes about important political issues. In this article, we review the concept of attitudinal ambivalence and propose a survey-based measure of ambivalence adapted from the experimental literature. Extending our earlier work on abortion, analysis of a statewide telephone survey of Florida residents reveals that (1) many people have ambivalent attitudes about issues related to gay and lesbian rights; (2) the amount of ambivalence varies according to the specific rights in question (military service, gay marriage and adoption, membership in youth organizations such as Boy Scouts, and others); (3) ambivalence on gay rights is to some extent a function of conflict among citizens’ underlying core values; and (4) under certain circumstances, ambivalence appears to mediate the relationship between a person’s issue preferences with regard to gay rights and his or her evaluation of political leaders and institutions.


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J. Gainous
Who's Ambivalent and Who's Not? Social Welfare Ambivalence Across Ideology
American Politics Research, March 1, 2008; 36(2): 210 - 235.
[Abstract] [PDF]